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Why couldn't two identical AIXI-type agents recognize one another to some extent? Stick a camera on the agents, put them in front of mirrors and have them wiggle their actuators, make a smiley face light up whenever they get rewarded. Then put them in a room with each other.
If you're suggesting this as a way around AIXI's immortality delusion, I don't think it works. AIXI "A" doesn't learn of death even if it witnesses the destruction of its twin, "B", because the destruction of B does not cause A's input stream to terminate. It's just a new input, no different in kind than any other. If you're considering AIXI(tl) twins instead, there's also the problem that an full model of an AIXI(tl) can't fit into its own hypothesis space, and thus a duplicate can't either.
Lots of humans believe themselves to be Cartesian, after all, and manage to generalize from others without too much trouble. "Other humans" isn't in a typical human's hypothesis space either — at least not until after a few years of experience.
AIXI doesn't just believe it's Cartesian. It's structurally unable to believe otherwise. That may not be true of humans.