Comment by Erlend Kvitrud (erlend-kvitrud) on The Point of Trade · 2021-07-22T23:51:43.402Z · LW · GW

Some further magical powers of trade:

1 It seems to (at least under certain conditions) reduce the incentives of states to declare war, and thus reduces the massive wealth destruction that comes with inter-state war.

2 It allows new (productivity-enhancing) technologies and practices to spread faster.

3 It enlarges the potential market on which novel products may be sold, and thus improves the expected ROI from investments in technology/ product development.

4 Positive network externalities (e.g., the value I get from my personal smartphone increases as a function of the total number of worldwide smartphone users).

Comment by Erlend Kvitrud (erlend-kvitrud) on Johannes Kepler, Sun Worshipper · 2021-01-09T14:02:18.037Z · LW · GW

The larger point Kuhn is getting at is that early adoptees of new theories rarely do so "because of any scientific merit", but rather because the new theory appeals to them on a personal or aesthetic level. Novel theories, like those of Copernicus and De Broglie, often do a worse job of explaining the evidence than their established rivals, and early adoptees are essentially making a leap of faith in defiance of the bulk of the evidence. Only through the work of these early, 'irrational' adoptees are the rational reasons for adopting the new theory uncovered.

Comment by Erlend Kvitrud (erlend-kvitrud) on Newcomb's Problem and Regret of Rationality · 2020-12-14T10:20:57.867Z · LW · GW

I can't claim to be particularly versed in the debates about Newcomb’s paradox, so I might be wrong here, but it seems to me like you got Joyce’s argument precisely backwards. His entire point seems to be that Rachel and Irene are in fact not facing the same options. 

Irene has the options 

1. One-box and most likely leave with $1.000.000, but possibly leave empty empty-handed
2. Two-box and most likely leave with $1.001.000, but possibly leave with $1.000.

Rachel has the options

1. One-box and most likely leave empty-handed, but possibly leave with $1.000.000
2. Two-box and most likely leave with $1.000, but possibly leave with $1.001.000.

From Rachels perspective, the two statements “Irene’s options are enviable”, and “Irene should have chosen option ii” don’t seem to contradict each other. They seem like the logical equivalent of envying the hand of your poker opponent, while simultaneously insisting that you played your inferior hand better (even though your opponent did in fact end up winning).