LessWrong 2.0 Reader

Large institutions are super slow to change, and usually many years behind the technological frontier. It seems to me like the burden of proof is very obviously on your perspective. For instance, US policy only acted large-scale on Covid after we were already far along the exponential. That should be a dealbreaker for this being your dealbreaker.

Also, there is no single entity called "the government"; individuals can be more or less aware of stuff, but that doesn't mean the larger entity acts with something resembling awareness. Or cohesion, for that matter.

Writing articles in Chinese for my family members, explaining things like cognitive bias, evolutionary psychology, and why dialectical materialism is wrong.

Your needing to write them seems to suggest that there's not enough content like that in Chinese, in which case it would plausibly make sense to publish them somewhere?

I'm also curious about how your family received these articles.

I meant at any point, but was imagining the period around full automation yeah. Why do you ask?

A lot of the effect is picking high-hanging fruit.

Like, go to phys rev D now. There's clearly a lot of hard work still going on. But that hard work seems to be getting less result, because they're doing things like carefully calculating the trailing-order terms of the muon's magnetic moment to get a change many decimal places down. (It turns out that this might be important for studying physics beyond the Standard Model. So this is good and useful work, definitely not being literally stalled.)

Another chunk of the effect is that you generally don't know what's important now. In hindsight you can look back and see all these important bits of progress woven into a sensible narrative. But research that's being done right now hasn't had time to earn its place in such a narrative. Especially if you're an outside observer who has to get the narrative of research third-hand.

Subbarao Kambhampati, Michael Bronstein, Peter Velickovic, Bruno Gavranovic or someone like Lancelot Da Costa

I don't recognize any of these names. I'm guessing they are academics who are not actually involved with any of the frontier AI efforts, and who think for various technical reasons that AGI is not imminent? 

This doesn’t seem to address the question, which was why do people believe there is a physics slow-down in the first place.

I came back thinking again about this and I really struggle to see how it can be a great trade. 

Your theory as far as I understood it is that this is a sort of one year option betting on liquidity constraint of the traders on polymarket. 

I say option in the sense that you are burning through something to hold a right. In option theory that's called theta : the derivative of the option value to time. If you are long the option your theta is negative and you are losing money just by holding the right. In this case the holder of the yes is short theta (yeah the term is unlogicaly overloaded) in the sense that as the year progresses the annualised earning from the holder of no is better and better. If you can buy a no in december for .97 you're making a great trade because you would be earning (100/97)% for a month which is 44% annualized. 

So on a first order rationality (just considering it as a loan) the value would be decreasing until then with the equation linking the value of the yes so that it equates the yield you can lock with a same expiration TBill. (It should rationaly be more - as people have pointed out - because you hold a more important counterparty risk and have liquidity problems).

As of now a 1 year TBill is about 4.0% annualized which is really more than what a current 97.3 yes for 9 months holding would pay you (3.6%).

So as of now you might say : ah the holder of the no should have better opportunities (tbills are more liquid and have better liquidity) eleswhere so they should be selling their no (thus rising the yes) and buying tbills instead. Realistically obviously a change of .4% annualized on 10k is 40$ so not worth the hassle (and you could actually not get the full 10k out at the same yield because of liquidity).

This is the baseline I would take to think about the time value of money here. And according to this model the time value of money would be directly influenced by the interest rates of treasuries with another effect accounting for the people having put some money here to wait.

The first effect if you wanted to trade it you should rationnaly just buy (leveraged) yield spreads and stuff like that. 

If you want to bet on the other effect I struggle to see what is your edge ? It was probably not a good rational choice to put money into this even at 4% earlier this year. So you are betting that their behaviour is gonna be ah now I can trade other stuffs let me remove these no. But what is your expected payoff from this effect and what makes you confident this payoff is positive ? 

In summary of this trade : 

• You are holding theta "burning your hands" as people say
• In a very illiquid market where you can't readily exit
• You have a counterpart risk
• And you are exposed unwillingly (unless you hedged it) to the treasury yield changes (so far this is not detrimental because your counterpart are underpaying for their "bonds" anyway)
• I struggle to see where the edge lie ?

Would be happy to discuss as it is very possible (20/30%) I have made an understanding mistake somewhere as my knowledge of prediction market and their payoff is very weak.

Oh wow I'd forgotten about that!

[True Believers] Maybe these people really believe that there's a 3% chance that Christ will return this year!

If you are a True Believer it's more likely you believe someone would be sent to hell for gambling on sacred matters. True Believers would never bet that Jesus Christ will return in any specific date. There is one bible passage that Jesus says in Matthew 24:36:

But of that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, but My Father only.

If someone truly believes Jesus’ words, then they think the timing of Jesus' return is unknowable.

The True Believers hypothesis rings false because that would be a frankly ridiculous belief to hold. Sometimes people profess ridiculous things, but very few of them put their money where their mouth is on prediction markets.

I don't know what the Yes people have in mind, but certainly they are not Christians.

Interesting idea, I had not considered this approach before!

I'm not sure this would solve feature absorption though. Thinking about the "Starts with E-" and "Elephant" example: if the "Elephant" latent absorbs the "Starts with E-" latent, the "Starts with E-" feature will develop a hole and not activate anymore on the input "elephant". After the latent is absorbed, "Starts with E-" wouldn't be in the list to calculate cumulative losses for that input anymore. 

Matryoshka works because it forces the early-indexed latents to reconstruct well using only themselves, whether or not later latents activate. I think this pressure is key to stopping the later-indexed latents from stealing the job of the early-indexed ones.