LessWrong 2.0 Reader

How do we know money wouldn’t work? Surely most of the reasons people don’t have more children could be solved with more resources (eg surrogacy, childcare, private school fees, a larger house).

Apropos of nothing, I'm reminded of the "<antthinking>" tags originally observed in Sonnet 3.5's system prompt, and this section of Dario's recent essay (bolding mine):

In 2024, the idea of using reinforcement learning (RL) to train models to generate chains of thought has become a new focus of scaling. Anthropic, DeepSeek, and many other companies (perhaps most notably OpenAI who released their o1-preview model in September) have found that this training greatly increases performance on certain select, objectively measurable tasks like math, coding competitions, and on reasoning that resembles these tasks.

For anecdata: id be really jazzed about 3 or 4, 5 might be a little crazy but somewhat open to that or more.

Ladies

This post would've been better if you tabooed the word "emergence" which does a lot of heavy lifting here. You seem to be thinking in the right direction, but this kind of curiosity stopper prevents you from getting an actual insight.

Thanks for the mention.

Here's how I'd frame it: I don't think it's a good idea to leave the entire future up to the interpretation of our first AGI(s). They could interpret our attempted alignment very differently than we hoped, in in-retrospect-sensible ways, or do something like "going crazy" from prompt injections or strange chains of thought leading to ill-considered beliefs that get control over their functional goals.

It seems like the core goal should be to follow instructions or take correction - corrigibility as a singular target [LW · GW] (or at least prime target).  It seems noticeably safer to use Intent alignment as a stepping-stone to value alignment [LW · GW]. 

Of course, leaving humans in charge of AGI/ASI even for a little while sounds pretty scary too, so I don't know.

I didn't express this clearly, but yea I meant no pretraining on human text at all, and also nothing computer-generated which "uses human mathematical ideas" (beyond what is in base ZFC), but I'd probably allow something like the synthetic data generation used for AlphaGeometry (Fig. 3) except in base ZFC and giving away very little human math inside the deduction engine. I agree this would be very crazy to see. The version with pretraining on non-mathy text is also interesting and would still be totally crazy to see. I agree it would probably imply your "come up with interesting math concepts". But I wouldn't be surprised if like $>20\%$ of the people on LW who think A[G/S]I happens in like $2-3$ years thought that my thing could totally happen in 2025 if the labs were aiming for it (though they might not expect the labs to aim for it), with your things plausibly happening later. E.g. maybe such a person would think "AlphaProof is already mostly RL/search and one could replicate its performance soon without human data, and anyway, AlphaGeometry already pretty much did this for geometry (and AlphaZero did it for chess)" and "some RL+search+self-play thing could get to solving major open problems in math in 2 years, and plausibly at that point human data isn't so critical, and IMO problems are easier than major open problems, so plausibly some such thing gets to IMO problems in 1 year". But also idk maybe this doesn't hang together enough for such people to exist. I wonder if one can use this kind of idea to get a different operationalization with parties interested in taking each side though. Like, maybe whether such a system would prove Cantor's theorem (stated in base ZFC) (imo this would still be pretty crazy to see)? Or whether such a system would get to IMO combos relying moderately less on human data?

I place this alongside the Simplicia/Doomimir [LW · GW] dialogues as the farthest we've gotten (at least in publicly legible form) on understanding the dramatic disagreements on the difficulty of alignment.

There's a lot here. I won't try to respond to all of it right now.

I think the most important bit is the analysis of arguments for how well alignment generalizes vs. capabilities.

Conceptual representations generalize farther than sensory representations. That's their purpose. So when behavior (and therefore alignment) is governed by conceptual representations, it will generalize relatively well.

When alignment is based on a relatively simple reward model based on simple sensory representations, it won't generalize very well. That's the case with humans. The reward model is running on sensory representations (it has to so they can be specified in the limited information space of DNA, as you and others have discussed).

Alignment generalizes farther than capabilities in well-educated, carefully considered modern humans because our goals are formulated in terms of concepts. (There are still ways this could go awry, but I think most modern humans would generalize their goals well and lead us into a spectacular future if they were in charge of it).

This could be taken as an argument for using some type of goals selected from learned knowledge [AF · GW] for alignment if possible. If we could use natural language (or another route to conceptual representations) to specify an AI's goals, it seems like that would produce better generalization than just trying to train stuff in with RL to produce behavior we like in the training environment. 

One method of "conceptual alignment" is the variant of your Plan for mediocre alignment of brain-like [model-based RL] AGI [LW · GW] in which you more or less say to a trained AI "hey think about human flourishing" and then set the critic system's weights to maximum. Another is alignment-by-prompting for LLM-based agents; I discuss that in Internal independent review for language model agent alignment [AF · GW]. I'm less optimistic now than when I wrote that, given the progress made in training vs. scripting for better metacognition - but I'm not giving up on it just yet.  Tan Zhi Xuan makes the point in this interview that we're really training LLMs mostly to have a good world model and to follow instructions, similar to Andrej Karpathy's point that RLHF is just barely RL. It's similar with RLAIF and the reward models training R1 for usability, after the pure RL on verifiable answers. So we're still training models to have good world models and follow instructions. Played wisely, it seems like that could produce aligned LLM agents (should that route reach "real AGI" [LW · GW]).
 

That's a new formulation of an old thought, prompted by your framing of pitting the arguments for capabilities generalizing farther than alignment (for evolution making humans) and alignment generalizing farther than capabilities (for modern humans given access to new technologies/capabilities).

The alternative is trying to get an RL system to "gel" into a concept-based alignment we like. This happens with a lot of humans, but that's a pretty specific set of innate drives (simple reward models) and environment. If we monitored and nudged the system closely, that might work too.

Thanks for this comment, Mart, and for the pointer to Vervaeke -- does seem plausibly quite relevant. And "functional agent-arena-relationship" seems like an interesting angle on not-being-a-Zombie.

Nice article, I especially love the diagrams!

In Human Researcher Obsolescence you note that we can't completely hand over research unless we manage to produce agents that are at least as "wise" as the human developers.

I agree with this, though I would love to see a future version of this plan include an expanded analysis of the role that wise AI plays would play in the strategy of Magma, as I believe that this could be a key aspect of making this plan work.

In particular:

• We likely want to be developing wise AI advisors to advise us during the pre-hand-off period. In fact, I consider this likely to be vital to successfully navigating this period given the challenges involved.

• It's possible that we might manage to completely automate the more objective components of research without managing to completely automating the more subjective components of research. That said, we likely want to train wise AI advisors to help us with the more subjective components even if we can't defer to them.

• When developing AI capabilities, there's an additional lever in terms of how much Magma focuses on direct capabilities vs. focusing on wisdom.

Ask all your friends. How many are excited and aiming for 3+ children? Really excited and joyously motivated—not because it’s their duty for humanity and they’re on the EA burnout path. The life worth living is one with one child per couple among happy couples. Or 1.35 on average when you count the outliers.

I'm almost certainly somewhat of an outlier, but I am very excited about having 3+ children. My ideal number is 5 (or maybe more if I become reasonably wealthy). My girlfriend is also on board.

I just can't picture anything more joyous in a normal life (i.e. excluding upload enabled perma-jhana) than finding someone I deeply love and combining ourselves to make new people. It's a miracle that's even possible! If this wasn't a normal part of everyday life people would laugh at you for proposing such an absurd thing could ever be possible.